|
The 1935 Cuba hurricane was an intense and deadly tropical cyclone which caused devastation across many areas of the western Atlantic, particularly Cuba and The Bahamas, in September and October 1935. The fifth tropical storm and third hurricane of the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season, the storm formed from a tropical depression in the central Caribbean Sea on September 23. The disturbance gradually organized as it moved to the west, and strengthened to tropical storm intensity less than a day after formation and further to a hurricane by September 25. Subsequently, the hurricane curved northward from its initial westward motion. On September 27, the storm reached major hurricane intensity before making landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba as a modern-day Category 3 hurricane the next day. After passing the island, the hurricane reintensified, and reached a peak intensity with a minimum barometric pressure of at least 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg) and maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h), making it a modern-day Category 4 hurricane. At the same time, the tropical cyclone passed over the Bahamian island of Bimini before moving out to sea. As it progressed northeastward, the hurricane gradually weakened before transitioning into an extratropical storm by October 2. The extratropical remnants made landfall on Newfoundland shortly after before dissipating late that day. The hurricane caused widespread destruction in areas of the western Atlantic. In Jamaica, the storm's strong winds and heavy rain destroyed roughly 3 percent of the island's banana production and damaged road networks. Damage on the island country totaled to $2.7 million. In Cayman Brac, strong winds damaged infrastructure and crops, though no fatalities resulted. Most of the cyclone's deaths occurred in Cuba, where the storm made its first landfall. The hurricane's effects caused a 100 mi (160 km) wide swath of damage which cut across the country. Strong storm surge destroyed low-lying coastal towns, particularly in Cienfuegos, where numerous homes were destroyed and 17 people died. Across Cuba, the storm caused $12 million in damages and 35 deaths. As it crossed the island, widespread evacuation procedures occurred in southern areas of Florida, heightened due to the effects of a disastrous hurricane which struck less than a month prior. However, damage there was only of moderate severity. Passing directly over Bimini in The Bahamas, the hurricane destroyed nearly half of the island with its large storm surge. There, 14 people were killed. Further north, the storm caused slight impacts in Bermuda and Atlantic Canada, though a person drowned off of Halifax, Nova Scotia due to rough seas. Overall, the tropical cyclone caused 52 deaths and $14.7 million in damages, making it the costliest hurricane of the hurricane season. ==Meteorological history== Though the storm's origins prior to tropical cyclogenesis remain unclear, it was analyzed that a tropical depression developed just northwest of Punta Gallinas at 0600 UTC on September 23. At the time, the disturbance had an outermost closed isobar of at least 1010 mbar (hPa; 29.83 inHg).〔 Evidence for a tropical cyclone in the region was confirmed by the ship ''S.S. San Gill'', which observed strong winds along with rough seas generated by the nearby disturbance.〔 Drifting towards the southwest, the depression acquired tropical storm strength by 0000 UTC the following day. At the time, however, the cyclone lacked defined characteristics and maintained a weak center of circulation.〔 By 1200 UTC on September 25, the storm was estimated to have reached hurricane intensity. Shortly after, the storm curved northward along the 80°W longitudinal line.〔 At 0300 UTC on September 26,〔 the tanker ''A.C. Bedford'' encountered the strengthening hurricane, and reported winds of hurricane-force winds and a barometric pressure of 986 mbar (hPa; 29.13 inHg); this was the lowest pressure associated with the hurricane measured in the Caribbean Sea, as well as the only confirmed report of hurricane-force winds in connection with the storm there.〔 Similarly low barometric pressures and strong winds were reported by various other vessels in the vicinity of the hurricane.〔 At 1200 UTC, the storm was upgraded to Category 2 intensity. On September 27, the tropical cyclone moved through a region lacking in ships.〔 As a result, the hurricane was not well-documented during this period, though it was estimated that the storm attained Category 3 hurricane intensity–a major hurricane–at 1200 UTC that day. At the same time, the cyclone also curved slightly westward, which brought it away from Jamaica.〔 The hurricane continued northward, and made landfall near Cienfuegos, Cuba, at 0800 UTC on September 28.〔 At the time, the tropical cyclone had maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h), making it a modern-day Category 3 hurricane. The lowest pressure measured upon landfall was 955 mbar (hPa; 28.20 inHg) at the Montserrat Observatory in Cienfuegos. This peripheral measurement was analyzed to have also been the hurricane's minimum central pressure upon landfall. Although lower pressures were measured after the hurricane's Cuban landfall,〔 the measurement in Cienfuegos was the only one included in the storm's HURDAT listing. Over land, the hurricane began to trek northeastward, a pattern which would persist throughout the storm's existence.〔 The tropical cyclone passed over Cuba without much change in intensity and reentered the Atlantic Ocean later on September 28,〔 while still a major hurricane. Passing over warm ocean waters, the storm reintensified, and attained Category 4 hurricane intensity at 0000 UTC on September 29. The storm's northeastward motion brought it directly over the Bahamian island of Bimini at roughly 0600 UTC that day.〔〔 A weather station on the island recorded a minimum barometric pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg), though this measurement was taken nearly an hour before the center of the hurricane passed.〔 At the time, the storm's maximum winds were estimated at 140 mbar (220 km/h), the highest analyzed in connection with the system. By late on September 29, the hurricane had moved through The Bahamas and had begun to weaken as it accelerated towards the northeast.〔 By 1200 UTC the next day, the storm had weakened down to Category 2 intensity, below major hurricane strength. Shortly after, it made its closest approach to Bermuda, but subsequently recurved to a more northerly bearing. At 0000 UTC on October 2, the storm degenerated into a Category 1 hurricane. The storm subsequently transitioned into an extratropical cyclone at 0600 UTC, though it still maintained hurricane-force winds. The extratropical remnants made a final landfall on the southern coast of Newfoundland during the dawn hours of October 2 with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). After quickly passing over the island, the cyclone dissipated by 1800 UTC that day east of Newfoundland, by which time it had been absorbed by another extratropical system.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1935 Cuba hurricane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|